Site na mmepe nke akụ na ụba na mmụba nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ, ọchịchọ maka ngwaahịa plastik na-abawanye kwa ụbọchị, na "mmetọ ọcha" nke plastik na-ebute na-adịwanye njọ.Ya mere, nyocha na mmepe nke plastik ọhụrụ na-emebi emebi na-aghọ ụzọ dị mkpa iji gwọọ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.Polymer plastik nwere ike imebi n'okpuru ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, na mmebi okpomọkụ na-eme n'okpuru omume okpomọkụ.Nbibi nke igwe na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ nke ike igwe, mmebi oxidative n'okpuru ọrụ oxygen, na mmebi nke biochemical n'okpuru ọrụ nke ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ.Plastics na-emebi emebi na-ezo aka na plastik nke na-adị mfe na-emebi emebi na gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ ihe mgbakwunye (dịka starch, starch gbanwetụrụ ma ọ bụ cellulose ọzọ, photosensitizers, biodegraders, wdg) na usoro mmepụta.
Dị ka usoro mmebi ha si dị, a pụrụ ikewa plastik ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ime plastik fotodedegradable, plastik biodegradable, plastik fotobiodegradable na plastik ndị nwere ike imebi.
Mgbe ejiri usoro photochemical bibie agbụ molekụla nke plastik photodegradable, plastik na-efunahụ ike anụ ahụ ya na mgbakasị ahụ, wee gafere n'okike.
Nkwụsị nke ókèala ahụ na-aghọ ntụ ntụ, nke na-abanye n'ime ala ma na-abanyeghachi n'usoro ndu ndu n'okpuru omume nke microorganisms.
Enwere ike ikewa plastik ndị nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ plastik zuru oke na-emebi emebi dịka usoro mmebi ha na ụdị mbibi ha si dị.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, plastik starch na polyester bụ ihe a kacha mụọ ma tinye ya n'ọrụ.
Plastic starch na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa n'ihi ngwa nhazi ya dị mfe na ọnụ ala dị ala.Plastics biodegradable macromolecule sịntetik na-ezo aka na plastik ndị nwere ike ime ihe na-emepụta site na usoro kemịkalụ.Enwere ike ịhazi ya site n'ịmụ ihe owuwu yiri nke plastic polymer biodegradable eke ma ọ bụ plastik nwere otu arụrụ arụrụ arụ.
Plastics na-emebi ihe na-emebi ihe, nke a makwaara dị ka plastik na-ada ada, bụ usoro ngwakọta nke polymers biodegradable na plastik izugbe, dị ka starch na polyolefin.A na-ejikọta ha ọnụ n'ụdị ụfọdụ, na mmebi na gburugburu ebe obibi adịghị agwụ agwụ, ma nwee ike ịkpata mmetọ nke abụọ.N'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, mgbakwunye nke fotosensitizers nwere ike ime ka polymers abụọ fotodedegradable na biodegradable.
Photobiodegradable polymer ihe n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ime ka a na-achịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmebi ahụ nke ọma, dị ka starch gbakwunyere fotodegradable polymer material PE mgbe mmebi, na-eme ka PE porous, kpọmkwem n'elu ebe ụbara nke ukwuu, na oxygen, ìhè, mmiri kọntaktị puru omume mụbara nke ukwuu, PE mmebi ọnụego. mụbara nke ukwuu.
E jiri ya tụnyere plastik fotodedegradable, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe aghọwo ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na mmepe nke plastics.N'ihi na plastik ndị nwere ike ime ihe adịghị njọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ dịkwa mfe iji mebie obere ụmụ irighiri ihe n'okpuru ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị.Ọ nwere uru nke obere àgwà, nhazi dị mfe, ike dị elu na ọnụ ala dị ala.Plastics biodegradable nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa.Na United States tumadi eji na mmepụta nke decomposing mkpofu akpa, ịzụ ahịa akpa;N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, a na-eji plastik biodegradable mee ihe na karama shampoo, akpa mkpofu na akpa ịzụ ahịa nke otu onye.A na-etinye plastik ndị nwere ike ime ihe na mpaghara ndị a:
(1) Ihe nkwakọ ngwaahịa
(2) Agricultural mulch
(3) Ihe ndị dị mkpa kwa ụbọchị
(4) Ngwa ahụike enwere ike ịtụfu
(5) Ọkpụkpụ arụrụ arụ, akpụkpọ ahụ arụrụ arụ, ntu ọkpụkpụ ịwa ahụ, suture ịwa ahụ
(6) eriri akwa
(7) Ijikwa aja odo na nhazi obodo.
Mgbe a na-eji plastik biodegradable mee ihe na bioengineering na ihe ndị polymer na-emebi emebi ahụike, njirimara ha nke biodegradation enweghị ike iji ya tụnyere nke plastics fotodegradable mgbọrọgwụ.Ihe ndị dị ala na-emebi emebi nwere ike ịbanye na metabolism nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ma nwee atụmanya dị iche iche nke ngwa na omenala anụ ahụ, ọgwụ ntọhapụ a na-achịkwa, na ihe ntinye n'ime.
Oge nzipu: Nov-17-2022